Male flowers, UCI Ecological Preserve, Irvine, CA 6-27-11. © Joan Avise

Doveweed (Turkey mullein)

Croton setigerus

The foliage, as with many other euphorbs, is toxic; so the plants were used by native Americans to stupefy fish to make them easier to catch.  The seeds are not toxic to birds and are enjoyed especially by doves and wild turkeys.  Two different seed colors are produced by individual plants and it is thought that mourning doves, one of the main foragers on this plant, choose only one color form to eat, leaving the other to germinate later. 

Native to California

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UCI Ecological Preserve 6-27-11. © Joan Avise

Male flowers form in axils of upper branches while female flowers form in lower branch axils, UCI Ecological Preserve, Irvine, CA 6-27-11. © Joan Avise

James Dilley Preserve, Laguna Beach, Orange County, CA. 7-23-15. © Peter J. Bryant

James Dilley Preserve, Laguna Beach, Orange County, CA. 7-23-15. © Peter J. Bryant

This is a monecious plant, with separate male (staminate) and female (pistillate) flowers. The male flowers are at the tips of the inflorescence and the female flowers are below them in the axils. Nr. Lag. Cyn. Rd & El Toro Rd., 8-9-15. © Ron Vanderhoff.

The female flowers are the two at the bottom. They have no pedicel, a large swollen ovary, no sepals and just a single long protruding style. Nr. Lag. Cyn. Rd & El Toro Rd., 8-9-15. © Ron Vanderhoff.

Male flower, Nr. Lag. Cyn. Rd & El Toro Rd., 8-9-15. © Ron Vanderhoff.
 

The male flowers are at the top, on long pedicels and with several sepals and stamens, but no petals. UCI Ecological Preserve, Irvine, CA 6-1-11. © Joan Avise

Male flower, Peter's Canyon Regional Park, Irvine, CA 5-08-10. © Joan Avise

Female flower, Turtle Rock Nature Center, Irvine, CA 6-3-11. © Joan Avise

Female flower, Nr. Lag. Cyn. Rd & El Toro Rd., 8-9-15. © Ron Vanderhoff.

Cotton Fleahopper (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus) on leaf, UCI Ecological Preserve, Irvine, CA 6-27-11. © Joan Avise

Croton californica, C. setigerus, Dilley Prsrv., Lag. Coast Wldns., 7-11-13. © Ron Vanderhoff.